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"....Water is much dense than air and our diaphragm is not strong enough to move the amount of water needed to do the oxygen exchange. Water contains also much less oxygen than air......" I would say that the above (pulmonary system), is likely the limiting factor. The others are more or less surmountable. This would then lead one to conclude technically to, bypass the pulmonary system (while filling all cavities with non-compressible fluid), millions of tiny alveoli to fill!! I can see a military use, (maybe), but to what end? Seems to me today's "Frogman" needs only a short transit underwater to sneak up on that oil platform, (ala Seals in Gulf War one). Joe Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2008 22:08:17 -0800 From: groplias2@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [PSUBS-MAILIST] What ever became of the haemosponge? To: personal_submersibles@psubs.org As far as I know the substance was a type of syntetic blood based on a Fluor compound. It worked well with guinea pigs and mice but the problem is the flour compound is also toxic so it can only be used for a short time. To breathe under water is not possible, the experiments with mice were very promising but the animals died of exhaustion after a while. Water is much dense than air and our diphragma is not strong enough to move the amount of water needed to do the oxigen exchange. Water contains also much less oxigen than air. That is what I read about this topic some years ago. I hope is usefull. Jürgen |